Cannabis contains far more than just THC and CBD. Scientists have identified more than 100 cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, each interacting with the body in unique ways. While THC and CBD are the most widely known and researched, other cannabinoids are gaining attention for their potential effects and benefits.
These compounds interact with the body’s Endocannabinoid System (ECS)—a biological system that helps regulate mood, sleep, appetite, pain, and immune response.
What exactly are cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in cannabis plants. They bind to or influence receptors in the body’s endocannabinoid system, primarily CB1 and CB2 receptors.
According to research published by the National Institutes of Health and National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, cannabinoids may affect processes such as pain perception, inflammation, memory, and sleep regulation.
What are some cannabinoids besides THC and CBD?
Several minor cannabinoids are becoming more well-known as research and cannabis product innovation expand.
- CBG (Cannabigerol)
Often called the “mother cannabinoid,” CBG is the precursor from which other cannabinoids form during plant growth. Early studies suggest it may support focus and potentially help with inflammation and neuroprotection. - CBN (Cannabinol)
CBN forms when THC ages or oxidizes. It is commonly associated with sedative-like effects, which is why it frequently appears in sleep-oriented cannabis products. - CBC (Cannabichromene)
CBC is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid that researchers believe may contribute to anti-inflammatory and pain-relief properties in cannabis. - THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
THCV is chemically similar to THC but behaves differently in the body. Some research suggests it may support energy, appetite regulation, and metabolic health. - Delta-8 THC
Delta-8 is a naturally occurring cannabinoid found in small amounts in cannabis. It produces milder psychoactive effects compared to traditional delta-9 THC.
Why are minor cannabinoids becoming popular?
Interest in these compounds has grown due to what researchers call the “entourage effect.”
This theory suggests that cannabinoids, terpenes, and other cannabis compounds may work better together than individually. Research discussed in the Journal of Cannabis Research indicates that combinations of cannabinoids may influence how cannabis affects the body.
The takeaway
THC and CBD may dominate the cannabis conversation, but they represent only a small portion of the plant’s chemistry. Cannabinoids like CBG, CBN, CBC, THCV, and Delta-8 THC are expanding our understanding of how cannabis works and how different compounds may influence health and wellness. As research continues, these minor cannabinoids could play a larger role in future cannabis products and therapeutic applications.